Eggshells have a chemical composition similar to that of tooth enamel, causing them to react in a similar way with other chemicals. This can help us understand what stains tooth enamel. When we brush an eggshell with fluoridated toothpaste, it strengthens and protects it from acid, just like it does with tooth enamel. Because of their similar composition, eggshells and teeth share the susceptibility to acidic and acidic substances.
Teeth and eggshells erode partially or completely when exposed regularly or extensively. Any contact with acid weakens teeth and eggshells. Teeth, especially human teeth, come into contact with acidic liquids more frequently than eggshells. Soda has a high acid content, as are vinegar, coffee, tea and.
An eggshell is an outer shell composed of calcium carbonate. The thickness of the shell is directly proportional to the egg's size and is the best defense against dust, germs, bacteria and other contaminants that could harm the egg.
The calcium in eggshells can also be used to remineralize teeth enamel, which is an important component of dental health and oral care. Scientists are testing eggshell proteins as a potential bone graft material for use in osteoporosis treatment.
Chemical Composition
The eggshell is made almost entirely of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). Other chemical elements in the shell include sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper.
Most eggshells contain about 2.2 grams of calcium in the form of CaCO 3 and traces of other elements. The rest of the dry shell is made up of an organic matrix material that has calcium binding properties and its organization during shell formation plays a crucial role in the strength of the eggshell.
Phylogenetic analyses of the eggshells of a passerine species, Setophaga mydas, revealed that they are bi-mineralic with calcite and aragonite. This result contradicted our previous knowledge of biomineralization processes in the context of avian phylogeny.
Formation
An eggshell is a hard covering that protects an egg from germs and water loss. It is made up of layers that are formed during the process of calcification over 20 hours.
The shell is a complex bio-ceramic material consisting of long columnar calcite crystals (CaCO3) in an organic proteinaceous matrix. The size, shape and orientation of the crystals determine the microstructural properties of the eggshell.
However, the genetic basis underlying eggshell crystal polymorphism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to identify the genetic architecture of the crystallographic ultrastructure of chicken eggshells and improve our understanding of its mechanical properties.
Six genes, PLCZ1, ABCC9, ITPR2, KCNJ8, CACNA1C and IAPP, were identified through the enrichment analysis of a 600 K high-density SNP array, which was then used for a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. The results of this study revealed a significant correlation between the integral intensity and the degree of orientation of eggshell crystals, which provided new insight into the genetic basis underlying the crystallographic ultrastructure of eggshell quality.
Function
An eggshell consists of several layers. The mammillary layer contains calcite crystals and is the foundation of a strong shell.
The overlying layer, called the prismatic or palisade layer, may consist of prisms that are visible throughout the egg or may be obscured by a "squamatic" texture, depending on the species.
As with tooth enamel, this calcified tissue is less tough than dentin, but it is necessary to support and distribute stresses. It provides a complex geometrical surface that helps deflect cracks and prevents abrupt changes in mechanical properties between the enamel and dentin tissues.
The distribution of stress in the mammillary layer is influenced by external forces, which produce tension at the inner shell surface and compression under the point of contact. Voisey and Hunt (1967b) reported that tensile stress concentrations develop in the mammillary layer as a result of these stress-producing forces and that this is associated with the occurrence of fracture.
Susceptibility to Acids
An eggshell is a very complex structure. It not only protects the contents of the egg (the white and yolk), but it also serves as a physical barrier to mechanical damage.
The shell is made from solid calcium carbonate. When it comes into contact with vinegar, acetic acid, the base in the vinegar, reacts with the calcium carbonate to produce water-soluable compounds, calcium acetate and carbon dioxide gas.
This process is very similar to osmosis. However, there is one important difference: instead of osmosis leaving the semi-permeable membrane intact, this reaction breaks the shell apart so that it dissolves completely.
Acid appears in common foods such as tomatoes, lentils, beans, strawberries, blueberries and blueberries. In the natural environment, eggshells come into contact with acid through pollution, acid rain and human incursions into animal territories. Eggshells are made of calcium carbonate, a hard mineral that is similar to calcium phosphate, the substance that our teeth are made of. Acids react with calcium carbonate and break it down into calcium (which is transported in water) and gaseous carbon dioxide.
The more acidic a liquid is, the faster the reaction will occur and the more the shell weakens. The bubbles and foam that form in the egg and on the surface of the liquid are carbon dioxide gas, demonstrating that the mineral is literally “bubbling” in the sour-tasting liquid. Tooth enamel research is necessary for proper health. However, the use of real teeth in research raises issues related to cost, convenience, accessibility, security and consent.
For example, the use of extracted teeth exposes people to bloodborne pathogens (Berg, 201). The use of extracted teeth entails difficulties and concerns about proper sterilization; autoclaving and storage in 10% formalin solutions are currently common methods for cleaning, however, their own disadvantages (Nawrocka and Lukomska-Szymanska, 201. In addition, another issue is The need for patients' consent to use extracted teeth for scientific research purposes) (Skene and Nisselle, 200. This makes finding a replacement for tooth enamel (or teeth as a whole) in research a critical topic. This experiment focuses on the suitability of eggshells as a replacement for teeth.
Specifically, it investigates whether eggshells are able to demonstrate the effects of sugar and pH on the demineralization of tooth enamel. Eggshells could be a potential substitute for tooth enamel, as they are similar to each other in their chemical composition; both are composed of calcium compounds. Tooth enamel consists of calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite (Featherstone and Lussi, 200), while the mineral component of chicken egg shell consists of calcium carbonate (Sakai et. An eggshell that was not immersed in any substance was used for the control and the average of three separate measurements was taken.
The relationship between the intensity of light that passes through eggshells placed in substances with different pH levels for the first test is shown in Table 3 and for the second test it is shown in Table 4. While enamel is formed from a process called amelogenesis, which occurs regularly in the mouth, eggshells form in the oviduct of birds. The measurements of the intensity of light that passes through eggshells placed in substances with different sugar concentrations are indicated in Table 7 for the first test and in Table 8 for the second test. Eggshell staining in Coca-Cola and Coffee also created a discrepancy in the results, since they did not allow light to pass through at the end of both trials.
Using eggshells as a model for tooth enamel, they will be placed in substances and ingredients of different pH levels and sugar concentrations. Functionally speaking, different species produce each substance as a protective measure for something softer, whether it's an embryo or the dentin and nerves of a tooth. Healthy human mouths constantly recreate and repair enamel, but eggshells cannot be repaired because they exist outside the bird that laid them. The relationship between the mass of the eggshells and the different pH levels of the substances was recorded in Table 5 (test) and in Table 6 (test), which show that the eggshells maintained a constant mass, returned to their original mass, or changed mass by an insignificant amount, with the exception of one immersed in Vinegar.
Eggshells will be used to evaluate, specifically, their effectiveness in representing the effect of sugar and pH on tooth enamel, due to previous studies conducted in the area. Eggshells in coffee and baking soda increased by 1 g and eggshells in Gatorade and cooking oil increased by 2 g. . .
